THE MELTING POT OF BORROWED WORDS

15 words of foreign origin that made their way into English

Image: CHUTTERSNAP

As one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, English managed to fix and patch some of its natural linguistic shortcomings by borrowing many foreign words. There are no pure languages, nor isolated communities of speakers. Borrowing and remixing tools and knowledge from elsewhere has always been one of the motors of human progress. And languages are no exception to this trend. Maybe you already noticed the pattern, likely after learning about the origins of a few English words, but the truth is that almost 29% of the English language is made of words originating from French and Latin languages. In particular, French has exerted a powerful influence over English, and it is estimated that of the 1000 most commonly used words, around 50% have French origins! These loan words helped us expand our vocabulary and name things and ideas for which we didn't have useful equivalents before. Join us to learn more about the foreign origins of many of our words, from cartoon to karaoke!

Image: Chris Yang

Anonymous derives from the Greek word anōnumos, which means "someone or something without a name". In English, it is usually used to mean someone who doesn’t want to reveal their identity.

Image: Ayrus Hill

Originally derived from the Sanskrit language, the traditional definition of Guru isn’t just that of an expert on a certain subject but rather describes a full-fledged master with exceptional wisdom and provoking intelligence.

Image: Hu Chen

In modern English, a safari is an expedition where animals can be observed in their natural habitat. However, this word is a loan from the Arabic language and it originally means "to travel".

Image: BBC Creative

The word kindergarten, translated literally, means "children’s garden". Have you ever noticed that we use so many German words? Another borrowed word with German origins is rucksack.

Image: Christina

From our favorite language to take linguistic loans, rendezvous, originally a French word (literally "present-yourself") is used to describe a meeting at an agreed time and place.

Image: Fer Nando

This isn’t a straightforward loan from the Chinese language, but rather a composite word that might carry influences from other languages, like Greek, Portuguese, and Arabic. However, most sociolinguists agree that typhoon is mainly a corruption of the Chinese word taifeng, which can be translated as "big wind".

Image: Erik Mclean

From comic strips to on-screen animations, who doesn’t love cartoons? But did you know this word came from the Italian carton? Initially, it referred to artistic drawings made on hard paper but was later adopted as a medium for artistic comedy.

Image: Nadine Rupprecht

This somewhat romantic term used to describe the passion for traveling or just wandering away was borrowed from the German language early in the twentieth century.

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Not just a borrowed word, but a whole borrowed concept too. Karaoke is a Japanese form of entertainment that took English-speaking countries by storm around the eighties and still is a —quite fun— activity for teens and adults alike. The original Japanese term means "an empty orchestra", following the idea of singing along to recorded music in special clubs or bars.

Image: Bruno Aguirre

This Greek loaned word describes an important or main city in a country. The original term is composed of the words metro, meaning "mother", and polis, "city", so the literal meaning of metropolis is "mother city".

Image: Cristina Anne Costello

As with many citruses, their names derive from Middle Eastern and Asian languages, and the humble lemon is no exception. The Arabic term from which this word derives is laimun, and it describes a yellow citrus fruit.

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As much as Hollywood would like you to believe this word only came to life after James Cameron’s 2009 blockbuster, avatar is a word derived from the Sanskrit avatra, meaning "descent". Originally, it referred to the manifestation of a deity in bodily form, but nowadays it is mostly used for an icon or image that you choose to represent yourself in many types of online media.

Image: Dennis Klein

Who would have thought the favorite condiment of burger joints and crispy french fries was a borrowed word? And from Chinese, no less. This word is derived from the Chinese ke-stiap, meaning a concoction of pickled fish and spices popular in the 1600s. Tomatoes were only added around a hundred years later, creating the famous condiment.

Image: Tyler Franta

The word entrepreneur derives from the French verb entreprendre, meaning "to do or undertake something". By the 16th century, the verb transformed into the noun entrepreneur and started referring to someone who undertakes some form of business venture.

Image: Cornelius Ventures

A rare one! While its origins are still disputed, many hold that the word for these cute southern pole birds comes from the Welsh pen gwyn, which means "white head". Other accounts instead suggest that the word penguin was used for a now-extinct sea animal and that the noble penguin somehow inherited its name.

Enjoyed discovering which English words and concepts were borrowed from elsewhere? Stay around to learn more about the curious origins of many common words, names, and places.

We just know that we know nothing

12 facts that people often get wrong

No one can claim to know everything, but most people go through life confident about certain things. However, some of these widely held beliefs are not actually correct, despite their popularity. Let’s have a look at some "facts" you might have gotten wrong!

The idea that insects—particularly mosquitoes—are not animals is widespread, but it’s also incorrect. In fact, insects are the most diverse group within the Animal kingdom, with more than a million species described and representing more than half of the animal population of the planet.

The mistake comes from not considering that "fruit" is not only a culinary term but also a botanical one. Botanically, a fruit is the part of a plant that develops from a flower and contains seeds. This makes tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, eggplants, and many other foods that we call vegetables actually fruits in the scientific sense.

Countries have a political delimitation, while continents are divided according to geographical criteria. The Russian Federation is the largest country on Earth, bordering fourteen other countries and extending across eleven time zones. It spans across a good part of Eastern Europe, but also across the Ural mountains—one of the recognized borders between Europe and Asia—and stretches deep into northern Asia.

While cold weather isn’t harmless, it is not the direct cause of illnesses like the flu, which are caused by viruses. In colder months, people tend to spend more time indoors and often avoid ventilating rooms, creating conditions that make it easier for viruses to spread and cause illness.

Bats might not prefer to be out during bright daylight, but this does not mean that they are blind. In fact, many species have excellent eyesight, though it is adapted to low-light or nighttime conditions. On top of that, bats also use echolocation, which allows them to navigate and hunt with remarkable precision in complete darkness.

The belief that you must wait a full day before reporting someone missing is a myth popularized by movies and TV shows. In reality, the law does not require a waiting period. In fact, law enforcement agencies stress that the first 24 hours are often the most critical, so a missing person should be reported immediately.

Some man-made structures are visible from space without magnification, but despite popular belief, the Great Wall of China is not one of them. While it is quite long, being over 13,000 miles long, it is relatively narrow, and its earthy colors blend in with the surrounding landscape, making it nearly impossible to spot with the naked eye from orbit.

This one is tricky: Mount Everest is the highest mountain on Earth (29,032 feet)… if you measure the distance from sea level to peak. For the actual tallest mountain, the answer might vary depending on how you measure. Measured from base to summit, Mauna Kea in Hawaii is the tallest at 33,474 feet—though much of it is underwater. Mount McKinley (Denali) in Alaska rises about 18,000 feet from its base to the peak, making it the tallest mountain entirely above sea level. And Ecuador’s Mount Chimborazo, while shorter in height, is the farthest point on Earth from the planet’s center due to the equatorial bulge.

The Earth is tilted on an axis, which causes the amount of sunlight each hemisphere receives to change as it orbits the Sun. Because of this tilt, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun and experiences summer, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away and experiences winter—and vice versa. This is why the Southern Hemisphere celebrates Christmas during summer.

Standard medical advice is to gently guide a sleepwalker back to bed rather than waking them, but not because waking them is inherently dangerous. People tend to sleepwalk during deep sleep, so waking them up might startle them or cause confusion and disorientation.

Hair color and thickness are determined by genetics, not by shaving. Hair naturally gets thin at the ends, so when you shave it, the hair shaft appears to be thicker and darker because of the blunt cut. But it's just an optical illusion; the natural size of the shaft remains unchanged.

Coffee is a natural diuretic, meaning it can increase trips to the bathroom. However, the water in brewed coffee still contributes to your hydration and offsets its mild diuretic effect. If you consume coffee in moderation—3 to 5 cups a day, depending on your tolerance—you should be alright. However, drinking extra water on the side is never a bad idea.