From France to your dictionary

Hey, etymology lovers! Here are 10 words that traveled from the French

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Did you know that many of the words we use every day actually have their roots in French? English is part of the Germanic language family, while French is a Romance language. At first glance, one would think that they don't have much in common, right? But this is not the case; French has influenced our language in many ways, including our vocabulary. Today, we are going to discover 10 common English words that have origins in the language of love. Allons-y!

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While denim has been a part of our daily lives for many, many years now, the story of how this word came to us is quite interesting.

"Denim" originally came from the French term Serge de Nîmes. Nîmes is a city in southern France, and serge refers to a type of fabric with a twilled weave. Thus, the term Serge de Nîmes was originally used to describe this particular fabric made in the French city.

But how did we go from Serge de Nîmes to "denim"? Well, when the fabric gained popularity in other countries, English speakers had trouble pronouncing the whole term, so it was gradually simplified, first to something like "serge deNîm" and finally to just "denim."

By the 19th century, the English term we know today was fully integrated into our language.

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"Honesty," Billy Joel's beautiful song, might not be the same without the French contribution to our language.

"Honesty" comes from the Old French word honesté, which refers to something noble, virtuous, or respectable. In turn, the French word derives from the Latin honestus, which was used to describe something honorable.

Between the 12th and 15th centuries, the Middle English took the term honesté from the French, retaining its meaning. However, by the 16th century, the English word had evolved into "honesty" and broadened its meaning. It came to represent not just honor and good morals but also truthfulness, sincerity, and genuine intentions.

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We have all given and received advice throughout our lives, but do you know where the word "advice" comes from?

The English word "advice" has quite a long history, originating from the Latin advisum, which meant "considered" or "deliberated." This term evolved into the Old French noun avis, meaning "opinion" or "point of view."

The Old French avis was borrowed into Middle English around the 13th century, and the expression at avis (meaning "in my opinion") emerged. Over time, it transformed into "advice." By the 16th century, its meaning had shifted, evolving from simply an opinion to a suggestion offered by someone else.

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Personal care and beauty have been an important issue for people since ancient times. A very clear example of this is the word "manicure."

What's interesting about this term is how little it has changed over time. The Latin words manus (hand) and cura (care) came together to give rise to manicura, which was later adapted into French as manucure.

Around the 17th century, the tradition of hand care became more refined in Europe, especially among the privileged classes, making the term more widely known. By the 19th century, "manicure" was already present in the English language, without changing its form and retaining its meaning to this day.

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Today, the word "table" has several meanings: it can refer to the piece of furniture we use for dining, the flat surface where we chop vegetables, or even more abstract concepts like organizing data into rows and columns.

But to get to all this, the word had a long journey, starting with Latin. The term tabula in Latin meant simply "a flat piece of wood," "board" or "plank."

Tabula passed into Old French as table, maintaining at first its original definition. By the 12th century, Middle English adopted the term "table," preserving its form while expanding its meaning.

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In ancient times, armies and soldiers were a central part of life, so it's no wonder that many of our military-related words have their origins there.

The Latin word arma meant "weapons," plural. It was this form of the word that passed into Old French as armé, an adjective meaning "armed," referring to a group of people armed for war. From armé, the noun armée arose, referring to the military force.

In the 13th century, armée passed into Middle English as armye, retaining its meaning. With the passage of time, the term evolved into "army."

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The exchange of goods and money has been part of human interactions for as long as history can remember, and this is evident in the evolution of the language.

Moneta was Latin for "coins." This term was adapted in different ways to the Romance languages. For example, Spanish hardly modified the form, resulting in the present Spanish word moneda. The case of Old French was a little different, but not by much.

Moneta evolved into Old French as moneie, which then transitioned into Middle English as moneye around the 13th century. By this time, the word had expanded its definition, referring not only to coins but also to currency in general. Eventually, modern English modified the pronunciation of moneye, which ended up with the current "money."

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Solidus was a Latin word that designated a specific type of gold coin used in the Empire. But what do coins have to do with soldiers?

As we already know, Latin evolved into Romance languages, and this word passed into Old French as soudee, which specifically designated a payment given to a soldier. Over time, the French word changed in both structure and definition. Soudee transitioned to soudier, which referred to a soldier who fought professionally in an army, meaning he was paid for his service.

Middle English took that term from French, and its spelling eventually changed to "soldier."

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The word "debut" appears in many contexts: sports, cinema, theater, television, literature, and more. While this might surprise many, it has a very ancient origin.

What's more interesting about this word is that its meaning has not changed much throughout history. In Latin, debutare already meant "to begin" or "to start."

The term evolved into Old French as début, where its connotation shifted to something closer to a first performance or the first time in a particular practice. By the 19th century, the word was already in English as we know it today.

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If you are a fan of meat (or etymology), you won't want to miss the journey that the word "beef" took to become part of our language.

Latin used the word bovem to refer to cattle. Over time, this term evolved and was adapted to Old French as boef, which varied in meaning to specifically denote the meat from cattle.

In the 12th century, Middle English took boef and adapted it as befe or beef, refining its definition to refer to cattle meat prepared for consumption. By the 14th century, the word was well-established in our language.

THE BOOKS THAT SHAPED AMERICA

Discover Ten Iconic Novels Influenced By U.S. States & Cities!

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It’s no wonder that America has inspired a myriad of iconic authors, including 15 Nobel Prize winners (and counting). This amazing country offers unique landscapes fertile for the imagination, including both the wonders of rural life as well as the bubbling excitement of metropolitan cities.

We have selected ten timeless classics on which American states and cities are not just the background on which the story takes place, but rather a full character in their own right. Be sure to add these to your reading list!

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John Kennedy Toole’s post-humous novel is a hysterical depiction of the misadventures of Ignatius J. Reilly, a lazy and misanthropic man-child looking to impose his medievalist views on the modern world. His search for a job turns into a quest of epic proportions, fueled by his wild demeanor and quirky antics.

While Ignatius is central to this novel, it could also be said that Toole wrote "A Confederacy of Dunces" as a love letter to his beloved New Orleans. His characters are outlandish and eccentric, but are also a product of the colorful charm the "Birthplace of Jazz" has to offer.

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Holden Caufield, the main character and narrator of this J.D. Salinger coming-of-age novel, is a troubled teenager who wanders around New York City after being expelled from his boarding school. The story takes place over a single day, on which Holden strolls through Central Park, attends a play at the Biltmore Theatre, and ice skates in Rockefeller Center.

"The Catcher in the Rye" is considered by many to be an essential read, and is praised for its groundbreaking way of describing teenage rebellion and angst. While New York City seems like a cruel and unforgiving place for Holden, Salinger also goes out of his way to describe this city’s beauty and magnificence.

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Let’s continue with another classic book that features New Orleans. Tennesse Williams named his legendary play after the Desire streetcar line that ran half a block away from his apartment on Toulouse Street, in New Orleans’ beautiful French Quarter.

The double meaning in the play’s title, referring to both the iconic streetcar as well as to the idea that desire is a driving force, shows how this iconic piece of literature could only have been conceived in such a stunning city.

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Author Hunter S. Thompson is considered to be the father of "gonzo" journalism and his 1971 novel "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas" is a clear example of this: a fast-paced and at times surreal descent onto "Sin City". The movie is the basis of a 1998 movie starring Johnny Depp and Benicio del Toro, considered now to be a cult classic.

Thompson’s book is based on two trips he took with Oscar Zeta Acosta in 1971. The author describes those frenzied nights of driving around Las Vegas and manically writing in a hotel room. The flashing lights and countless sources of entertainment that Las Vegas is known for add another layer of craziness to this already relentless whirlwind of a book.

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If you have a friend from San Francisco (or if you are a resident of this wonderful place yourself), you might know that some locals simply refer to San Francisco as "The City". If you didn’t know this fact, you might now realize that Armistead Maupin’s series of novels "Tales of the City" aren’t just about urban life in general, but rather a beautiful depiction of the "Golden City."

Maupin's books were first serialized in The San Francisco Chronicle and The San Francisco Examiner, and they revolve around the life of a group of friends living in this city. The first book of the series was published in 1978, while the ninth was released in 2014, and a tenth one is scheduled to be published in 2024.

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While New Orleans is known as "The Birthplace of Jazz", it can’t be denied that Harlem’s influence helped jazz evolve into the groundbreaking genre we know now. Like the music that gives this book its name, Toni Morrison’s 1992 novel "Jazz" is a nonlinear and colorful exploration of the Harlem neighborhood.

The story revolves around Joe and Violet Trace, and their struggles with everyday life in 1920s Harlem. Morrison’s book is now considered an American classic, by a Nobel and Pulitzer Prize-winning author.

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You might be more familiar with Stanley Kubrick's flawless film adaptation, but Stephen King’s 1977 novel "The Shining" marked a turning point in the history of horror literature. The story centers around Jack Torrance, an alcoholic aspiring writer who accepts a job as winter caretaker of the fictional Overlook Hotel, in Colorado. Jack and his family are haunted both by his addiction and by the supernatural beings that reside in the hotel.

While the Overlook is a fictional location, it was inspired by a visit from King and his wife to the Stanley Hotel, located in Rocky Mountain National Park. While supernatural dangers are always present, Colorado’s ruthless winters and the hotel’s isolation add another threat to the family’s safety.

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Truman Capote’s "In Cold Blood" is considered to be the first non-fiction novel in history. The book describes the events that took place in 1959 in Holcomb, Kansas, in which the Clutter family was murdered during a home invasion.

Capote masterfully reconstructs not only how the crime took place, but the personalities and background of both victims and criminals. In that regard, the way the author masterfully depicts the typical way of life of a town like Holcomb, Kansas helps paint a picture of these real-life characters.

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Similar to "The Shining", Margaret Mitchell’s 1936 novel "Gone with the Wind" might be better known by its 1939 adaptation, starring Vivien Leigh, Leslie Howard, and Clark Gable. In any case, both mediums tell the story of Scarlett O’Hara, the daughter of a Georgia plantation owner, and the love triangle she is involved with.

This novel is heavily ingrained in pop culture and has been referenced constantly in movies and TV shows. Mitchell’s portrayal of 19th century Georgia (particularly, Atlanta and Clayton County) is among the reasons why this novel is considered one of the biggest examples of American historical fiction.

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We end this article with one of the cornerstones of modern American literature. William Faulkner’s "The Sound and the Fury" describes the life of the Compson family, a Mississippi aristocratic family in decline. The author’s magnificent use of the stream-of-consciousness technique allowed him to recreate the human thought process in an astonishingly accurate manner.

Faulkner sets most of "The Sound and the Fury" in Yoknapatawpha County, a fictional Mississippi county on which a lot of his novels are based. However, most critics agree that Yoknapatawpha was largely based in Lafayette County, on which Faulkner spent most of his life.