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At the drop of whose hat? The sporty origins of 10 popular expressions

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Popular idioms appear in conversation all over the English-speaking world every minute of the day and we hardly ever stop to think about where they come from. Have you ever heard someone say "I'll have to start from scratch"? Have you wondered what "in the nick of time" means? What all these expressions have in common is that they originated in the world of sports. Want to know more? Get the upper hand and discover all those phrases you often say but didn’t know are related to games and sports!

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Down to the wire is an idiom used to describe a situation, sporting or otherwise, whose outcome is not decided until the very last minute. This expression comes from horse racing and experts suggest it originated in America in the late 19th century.

Before the days of televised sports, racetracks would string a wire across the finishing line above the riders’ heads. A steward would then be placed at a vantage point, looking down the line so that a winner could be more easily established during neck-and-neck finishes. The first written record of the phrase can be found in an 1889 article from Scribers Magazine and since then it has been widely used, even today.

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You’ve probably used this expression many times, but did you know it has a sport-related origin? The phrase can be easily traced back to the 19th century when sporting referees, who usually wore hats, would raise one into the air, alerting competitors to be ready. Then, they would drop it to signal the start of the event. The method was commonly used in boxing and horseracing, where the races or matches were considered started "at the drop of a hat".

Nowadays, the phrase is used to imply something would be carried out immediately, without delay. It is sometimes thought to be of American origin but the practice has long been used by English-speaking people on both sides of the Atlantic.

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To have the upper hand implies that a person has the advantage or control over someone or something in a particular situation. In sports, when a team goes first in a game we say they have the upper hand. But where exactly did this expression originate? Well, there are many theories and none are definitive.

Some suggest that this phrase dates back to the 15th century and is related to an obsolete pastime. In this game, the first player grips a shaft at the bottom end while the next places their hand just above it until the upper end of the shaft is reached. Finally, when the last person takes the last grip, it means they have the "upper hand".

Later, in the 20th century, this method of finding a random winner was often used in baseball and cricket when hands would be placed on a bat and the last to take a grip got to play the game first.

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Have you ever embarked on a foolish and hopeless search for something unattainable? Then probably, even figuratively, you were involved in a wild goose chase. A wild goose chase is a fruitless pursuit with no hope of a successful outcome and was coined in England in the late 16th century.

Back in the 1500s, it was an expression used in relation to a kind of equestrian sport in which all the competitors had to follow accurately the course of the leader at definite intervals, like a flight of wild geese. The term was regularly applied to the sport but it appears to have been Shakespeare who altered the meaning to one of hopeless pursuit.

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Nowadays, to start from scratch is a saying we use to illustrate starting again from the beginning, regardless of how much we have already achieved of a task. However, in medieval times it had a more literal meaning.

Back then, in certain sports like cricket, horse racing, or boxing, a line or mark was "scratched" into the ground by either a sword or a javelin to indicate the point from which competitors had to start. If they cut corners, they would have to start again from this scratch.

Over the years this idiom has been shortened to from scratch and is also used to indicate that we are going to start something with no assistance, for example, a recipe that we make using every ingredient raw instead of processed foods.

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When something gets done in the nick of time it has been done at the very last possible minute, before it was too late. Achieving things just at the critical moment can make us nervous, but when it comes to sports, scoring just before the clock determines the end of the game can change the mood of more than one fan.

In this case, nick is used in the sense of "the precise moment of an occurrence or an event." However, the literal form of the phrase dates from the late 16th century when a tallyman would keep the scores for team games. This person would carve a nick or dent in a piece of wood each time a team scored and if the winning nick was added during the last minute it was known as the "nick in time."

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When someone has lost their bottle they have lost their nerve and their bravery. Contrary to what you may think, this expression has nothing to do with liquor courage. In fact, this phrase originates from the world of bare-knuckle prizefighting during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

In a fighter’s corner, one of his seconds was known as "the bottle man" and his job was to supply water to a fighter between rounds. Without water, a fighter was unable to continue and sometimes it was known for cornermen to be asked to walk away and leave when a fighter was taking a beating, to provide an excuse for him to drop out. The phrase "lost his bottleman" was later shortened and popularly used to describe cowardly behavior.

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This is a widely used expression in the world of sport but it has extended to all aspects of life. To win hands down suggests a very comfortable, easy victory. Its roots can be found not in poker but in horse racing. In the 19th century, winning hands down meant that a jockey was so certain of his victory in the closing stages of a race that he could lower his hands and relax his grip on the reins.

Even today, when a jockey is winning comfortably he can gallop down the finishing straight without using his whip to encourage the nag along. The shortened version hands down is a metaphor of ease extended beyond the domain of horse racing and is used today to convey "without a doubt, no question."

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If someone's name, an idea, or a story are bandied about it means they are being discussed frequently by many people in a casual or informal way. What you probably didn't know is that this phrase originated in France and is related to the world of sports.

The game of Bander was an early form of tennis and involved hitting a ball to and fro. Later, in the 1600s, the Irish invented a team game, a hockey predecessor, that required a group of people bandying a ball between them. They called the sport Bande after the French game because of the similarities between the two ideas. Also, they used a crooked stick that later led to the term bandy-legged to refer to those with bow legs.

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Simply put, across the board means all-encompassing, wide-ranging, and applying to all. Like many of the idioms included in this article, this one also has roots in horse racing. In the U.S., this expression referred to a bet in which equal amounts were staked on the same horse to win, place, or show in a race.

In the 19th century, large boards would be used to display the odds on a horse to come first, second, or third in a given race. A popular bet was to place an even amount of money on just one horse for every possible outcome. This was known as an "across-the-board bet".

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FROM FACT TO FICTION

10 Real People Who Inspired Famous Fictional Characters

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Does life imitate art more than art imitates life? We don’t know. But regardless of where you stand on Oscar Wilde’s famous conundrum, one thing is certain: many of the most beloved fictional characters in film and literature have been inspired by real people. From Sherlock Holmes to Miss Piggy, the influence of real-life personalities on fictional creations knows no bounds. Here, we explore 10 intriguing examples of characters who were molded after actual individuals!

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Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's legendary detective, Sherlock Holmes was heavily inspired by Dr. Joseph Bell, a Scottish surgeon renowned for his sharp observational skills and deductive reasoning. Bell's knack for diagnosing patients based solely on observation laid the foundation for Holmes' exceptional investigative abilities.

Doyle, who had studied under Bell at the University of Edinburgh, was profoundly impacted by Bell's methods. In his autobiography, Doyle reminisced about his former teacher and speculated that "if he were a detective, he would surely reduce this fascinating but unorganized business to something nearer to an exact science."

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Margaret Mitchell's Southern Belle protagonist from Gone with the Wind was inspired by Mitchell's own ancestors, particularly her feisty great-grandmother.

Mitchell's family stories and the oral histories she grew up with shaped Scarlett's resilient and ambitious character, capturing the spirit of the American South during the Civil War and Reconstruction. She blended these anecdotes with her own observations of Southern society, crafting a unique but believable character loved for both her complexity and tenacity.

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The noble and principled lawyer Atticus Finch from Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird was modeled after her own father, Amasa Coleman Lee. Like Atticus, A.C. Lee was a lawyer who defended African American clients in racially charged cases in Alabama during the 1930s.

Harper Lee admired her father's sense of justice and moral integrity, qualities she infused into the character of Atticus Finch. Through Finch, Lee tackled themes of racial injustice and moral courage during a period when few dared to do so, making him a timeless literary hero in the process.

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The sophisticated and cannibalistic serial killer Hannibal Lecter, created by Thomas Harris in The Silence of the Lambs, was inspired by Mexican physician and convicted murderer Alfredo Ballí Treviño.

Ballí Treviño was known for his charm and intelligence, traits that Harris integrated into Lecter's chilling persona. Harris, a journalist at the time, covered Ballí Treviño's trial and drew upon his demeanor and intellect to shape Lecter, creating one of fiction's most captivating and terrifying villains.

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Johnny Depp's portrayal of the eccentric pirate Captain Jack Sparrow in Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean series was famously inspired by Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards.

Depp modeled Sparrow's mannerisms, speech patterns, and rock 'n' roll attitude after Richards, whom he admired for his rebellious spirit and iconic style. The character's swagger and unpredictable nature have made Sparrow a beloved figure in popular culture and an affectionate homage to the rock star.

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F. Scott Fitzgerald's mysterious and enigmatic millionaire Jay Gatsby was partially inspired by Max Gerlach, a notorious bootlegger during the Prohibition era. Gerlach's lavish parties and extravagant lifestyle in Long Island served as the backdrop for Gatsby's opulent world in The Great Gatsby.

Interestingly, Fitzgerald claimed that Gerlach was his neighbor at some point in time, and it would make sense for him to draw inspiration from his immediate surroundings to tackle the essence and moral complexities of the Roaring Twenties.

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Sylvester Stallone's iconic underdog boxer Rocky Balboa was inspired by Chuck Wepner, a journeyman boxer who famously went the distance with Muhammad Ali in 1975. Stallone claims that he was inspired by Wepner's determination, as well as his own struggles as an actor trying to break into Hollywood.

In any case, both the character and the film resonated deeply with audiences worldwide for their heartfelt portrayal of perseverance and the human spirit in the face of adversity.

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Although George Lucas never fully explained where he drew his inspiration from—and there may have been multiple individuals with similar characteristics—it is speculated that his iconic character, Indiana Jones, an adventurous archaeologist and professor, was significantly inspired by Roy Chapman Andrews.

Andrews was an American explorer, adventurer, and naturalist known for his daring expeditions across Asia, especially Mongolia, during the 1920s.

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Thought Popeye was just a stereotype of a sailor? Well, it turns out he was based on a real person. The spinach-loving, pipe-smoking comic strip and cartoon character created by Elzie Crisler Segar was inspired by Frank "Rocky" Fiegel.

Fiegel was a tough, strong-willed man from Segar's hometown of Chester, Illinois, known for his physical strength and willingness to fight to protect his friends. In homage to his friend, Segar based Popeye's demeanor, accent, and strong moral compass on Fiegel's persona.

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Miss Piggy, the glamorous and assertive Muppet diva from The Muppet Show, drew inspiration from singer and actress Peggy Lee. In fact, the iconic Muppet's full name was initially Miss Piggy Lee. Known for her sultry voice and charismatic stage presence, Lee influenced more than just Miss Piggy's name; her character pays homage to Lee's theatrical persona and romantic aspirations.

It should be noted that there was no disrespect intended; quite the contrary, and as Piggy's fame grew, the show’s creators decided they did not want to risk upsetting Peggy Lee, whom they greatly admired, and decided to shorten the name to Miss Piggy.