Beyond the spotlight
10 unsung heroes who changed history!
Published on March 20, 2025
Credit: Roman Kraft
History books are filled with the feats of famous figures, yet many unsung heroes are left out of their pages. From fearless explorers to groundbreaking inventors and champions of equality, these individuals have shaped the world in ways that still impact us today. Here’s a look at 10 lesser-known figures whose contributions deserve recognition.
Rosalind Franklin
Credit: digitale.de
Rosalind Franklin was a chemist whose X-ray diffraction images were crucial to understanding DNA’s double-helix structure. Her meticulous research and pioneering techniques significantly advanced molecular biology and provided insights into the molecular structures of materials like coal and graphite.
Franklin’s work laid the foundation for James Watson and Francis Crick’s discovery of DNA’s structure, for which they later received the Nobel Prize. However, her groundbreaking contributions remained largely unrecognized until recent years.
Michael Collins
Credit: Brian McGowan
Michael Collins is the often-overlooked third member of Apollo 11, the 1969 mission that landed the first humans on the Moon. While Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin explored the lunar surface, Collins orbited alone in the command module, ensuring their safe return to Earth.
Though he never set foot on the Moon, Collins played a critical role in the mission’s success, operating the spacecraft and conducting experiments while patiently awaiting his crewmates.
Hedy Lamarr
Credit: Austrian National Library
Hedy Lamarr was a Hollywood actress renowned for her beauty and talent, but few know she was also a brilliant inventor. Despite having no formal training and being primarily self-taught, Lamarr designed various inventions, including improved traffic stoplights and a tablet-based carbonated drink.
During World War II, she co-developed frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology to prevent enemy interception of radio signals. This innovation later became the foundation for modern wireless communication systems like Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.
Tenzing Norgay
Credit: Kalle Kortelainen
Tenzing Norgay, a Nepalese Sherpa, became a legendary figure in 1953 when he and Sir Edmund Hillary became the first climbers confirmed to reach the summit of Mount Everest. By that time, Norgay had already participated in more than six expeditions to the mountain.
His skill, endurance, and deep knowledge of the treacherous Himalayan landscape were crucial to their success in conquering the world’s highest peak. Despite his vital role, Norgay received less recognition than some of his companions, who were knighted, while he was awarded only an honorary medal. He later dedicated himself to training future Sherpas and climbers, passing on his expertise to a new generation of mountaineers.
Bessie Coleman
Credit: Shaun Darwood
Bessie Coleman was the first African American woman to earn a pilot's license, obtaining her wings in 1921 after training in France due to racial discrimination in the United States. She not only fought for racial equality but also shattered barriers in a male-dominated field, inspiring many women to pursue aviation.
After earning her license, Coleman performed daring aerial stunts, becoming a celebrated airshow performer known as "Queen Bess" and "Brave Bessie." During her career—tragically cut short by a plane crash in 1926—she even trained with Anthony Fokker, one of the world’s most renowned aircraft designers.
Ibn Battuta
Credit: Vaida Tamošauskaitė
Ibn Battuta was a 14th-century Moroccan explorer who traveled extensively across Africa, the Middle East, India, and China, covering approximately 75,000 miles across three continents over 29 years. His travels, documented in a detailed account titled The Rihla, provide an invaluable account of the diverse cultures, religions, and societies of his time.
Much like Herodotus, Battuta’s detailed observations offer historians unique insights into the medieval world, enriching our understanding of the places he visited.
Virginia Apgar
Credit: Tim Bish
Virginia Apgar was an American obstetrical anesthetist who developed the Apgar Score in 1952, a rapid test used to assess a newborn's health immediately after birth. This 10-point evaluation measures heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, reflexes, and skin color to identify any critical issues in the first moments of life, revolutionizing neonatal care.
To this day, the Apgar Score remains a global standard in hospitals, helping to save countless infant lives and improving newborn survival rates worldwide.
Karl Schwarzschild
Credit: NASA Hubble Space Telescope
Karl Schwarzschild was a German physicist and astronomer who amazingly while serving in the German army during World War I, formulated the first exact solution to Einstein’s equations of general relativity through a series of letters with Einstein.
His groundbreaking discovery laid the foundation for modern astrophysics, influencing everything from theoretical models to space exploration. Though Schwarzschild died soon after, his work remains fundamental to our understanding of the universe.
Henrietta Lacks
Credit: Drew Hays
Henrietta Lacks, an African American woman, unknowingly changed modern medicine. In 1951, doctors at Johns Hopkins Hospital discovered that her cancer cells had an extraordinary ability—they could survive and reproduce indefinitely outside the body. Known as HeLa cells, they became the first "immortal" human cells, revolutionizing medical research.
HeLa cells have since contributed to the development of the polio vaccine, cancer treatments, and numerous medical breakthroughs. However, her story has also sparked ongoing ethical debates about consent and bioethics in medical research. Despite this, Lacks’s cells remain vital to scientific advancements today.
Alexander Mackenzie
Credit: Maxime Doré
Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie made history in 1793 as the first European to cross North America by land, reaching the Pacific Ocean. His expedition through Canada’s rugged wilderness predated the Lewis and Clark expedition by over a decade, mapping previously uncharted territories.
Mackenzie’s journey provided valuable insights into the continent’s interior and its trade potential. His achievement laid the foundation for Canada’s westward expansion and demonstrated the vast possibilities of traversing North America’s untamed frontiers.
